地佐辛联合地塞米松超前镇痛的应用

来源:网络(转载) 作者:魏正贵 刘洪 李益汀 发表于:2012-04-13 14:07  点击:
【关健词】地佐辛; 地塞米松; 超前镇痛; 协同作用; 腹腔镜胆囊切除
目的:观察静脉注射地佐辛联合地塞米松用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术超前镇痛的效果。方法:选择ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ级择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者90例,随机分为三组,每组30例,Ⅰ组术前静脉注射地佐辛0.1 mg/kg+地塞米松10 mg,Ⅱ组术前静脉注射注射地佐辛0.1 mg/kg,Ⅲ组为对照组,未应

 The Application of Dezocine and Dexamethasone in Preemptive Analgesia/WEI Zheng-gui, LIU Hong, LI Yi-ting.//Medical Innovation of China,2012,9(9):9-10
   【Abstract】 Objective:To observe the preemptive analgesic effect of intravenous dezocine in combination with dexamethasone in laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC). Methods: In this study, 90 patients graded as ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ who were undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were selected. They were randomly divided into three groups with 30 patients in each group. Group Ⅰ: dezocine 0.1/(mg·kg) and dexamethasone 10 mg intravenous injection was given preoperatively. Group Ⅱ: dezocine 0.1 mg/kg intravenous injection was given preoperatively. Group Ⅲ was control group. VAS and BCS score, Ramsay composure score, the superaddition and adverse effect of analgesics and antanacathartic were assessed in each individual group. Results: VAS score of Group Ⅰ was lower than that of Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ, and the BCS score of Group Ⅰ was higher than that of Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P<0.05). The VAS score after 6 hours of postoperation was lower than that after every other time points(P<0.05). The discrepancy of Ramsay score among the 3 groups has no statistical significance after comparison(P>0.05). The incidence of nausea, vomiting, and throat discomfort in Group Ⅲ was higher than that in Group Ⅰ(P<0.05).The times of superaddition of analgesics in Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was higher than that in Group Ⅰ(P<0.05). Conclusion: Dezocine in combination with dexamethasone is used for preemptive analgesia produce synergistic effect in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, they can prolong the time of postoperative analgesia, reduce the dose of analgesics and its side effects.
   【Key words】 Dezocine; Dexamethasone; Preemptive analgesia; Synergistic effect; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
   First-author’s address: The Third People’s Hospital of Zigong, Zigong 643020, China
   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2012.09.004
  
   地佐辛是新合成的阿片类受体激动剂-拮抗混合剂,具有起效快、镇痛作用较强,不产生典型的μ受体依赖,使胃肠平滑肌松弛,减少恶心、呕吐的发生率,副作用少、药物依赖性极低等特点,目前用于超前镇痛和术后镇痛偶见报道,但是,单次用药镇痛效果及时间是有限的。地塞米松是糖皮质激素类药物,能抑制前列腺素等炎性介质生成起到镇痛作用,该作用不强,起效较慢,作用时间长,弥补了地佐辛单次用药的不足。两药联合用于超前镇痛,目前报道甚少。本研究旨在探讨两药联合应用对术后疼痛的影响。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 一般资料 选择笔者所在科室2011年5月-10月90例择期腹腔镜下胆囊切除术的患者,男39例,女51例;年龄24~68岁;体重47~76 kg;ASA I~Ⅱ级。既往无心肺疾患,术前血常规、肝肾功能、凝血功能正常,无药物过敏史、溃疡史、吸毒史等。随机分为三个组,三组患者性别、年龄、身高、体重等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。见表1。
  
  1.2 方法 所有患者术前肌注阿托品0.5 mg、鲁米那100 mg。入室后建立静脉通路,测量生命体征。麻醉诱导前静脉输入林格氏液8~10 ml/kg。所有患者均采用气管内插管静脉复合全麻、机制呼吸下(f=12, Vt 8~10 ml/kg, I:E=1:2)行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。麻醉诱导均为咪达唑仑0.06 mg/kg,芬太尼0.4 μg/kg、阿曲库安5 mg/kg、丙泊酚1~1.5 mg/kg静脉注射;麻醉维持用药为丙泊3~5 mg/(kg·h)静脉输注,间断静脉注射芬太尼0.05~0.1 mg、阿曲库铵12.5~20 mg。Ⅰ组手术切皮前15 min静注0.1 mg/kg地佐辛+10 mg地塞米松;Ⅱ组切皮前15 min静注0.1 mg/kg地佐辛;Ⅲ组不用任何药物。所有患者术中常规监测血压(BP)、心率(HR)、心电图(ECG)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、呼末二氧化碳分压(PetCO2),术毕前20 min停用阿曲库铵,术毕停用丙泊酚,患者清醒后拔除气管导管送回病房观察。所有患者术后均未行患者自控镇痛。 1.3 观察指标 分别于术后2、6、12、24、48 h对患者切口疼痛采用疼痛评分及舒适度评分、Ramsay镇静评分,并观察不良反应及术后追加镇痛药及止吐药情况。(1)疼痛评分:采用视觉模拟评分法VAS标准:0为无痛,l0为最剧烈疼痛。评价:VAS<3分为镇痛效果良好;3~4分为镇痛效果基本满意;>5分为镇痛效果差。(2)舒适度评分:BCS评分标准:0级为持续疼痛;1级为安静时无痛,在深呼吸或咳嗽时疼痛加重;2级为平卧安静时无痛,深呼吸或咳嗽及转动体位时轻微疼痛;3级为深呼吸也无痛;4级为咳嗽时也无痛。当患者评分为VAS>6分,BCS为0级时,给予哌替啶50~100 mg肌肉注射镇痛。(3)Ramsay镇静评分:烦躁不安1分,安静合作2分,对指令反应敏捷3分,嗜睡呼叫可唤醒4分,嗜睡、对呼叫反应迟钝5分,深睡或麻醉状态6分;2~4分镇静满意,5~6分为镇静过度。(4)不良反应:观察恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、咽喉不适感、呼吸抑制(呼吸次数<10次/min或SpO2<93%)及镇痛药止吐药的追加情况。
  1.4 统计学处理 所有数据采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行统计学处理,计量资料以(x±s)表示,各项指标之间配伍进行方差分析,组间和组内比较采用t检验,计数资料用字2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
  2 结果
  2.1 术中情况 三组患者术中情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表2。
  
  2.2 镇痛效果 Ⅰ组术后2、6、12、24、48 h的VAS评分明显低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,BCS评分高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅱ组6 h内VAS评分低于其他时间点,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。
  
  2.3 Ramsay 镇静评分 三组患者各个时点Ramsay评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表4。
  
  2.4 镇痛药、止吐药追加情况 Ⅰ组只有1例术后8 h追加了镇痛药;Ⅱ组在6 h内有1例追加镇痛药,6 h以后有13例次追加镇痛药;Ⅲ组追加镇痛药的例次数明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组使用止吐药的例数明显高于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表5。 (责任编辑:南粤论文中心)转贴于南粤论文中心: http://www.nylw.net(南粤论文中心__代写代发论文_毕业论文带写_广州职称论文代发_广州论文网)

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